东京残奥会于8月24日晚开幕，残奥会与奥运会有何不同？有哪些比赛项目？有哪些残奥名将？今天我们就来说说残奥会的故事。

The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games kicked off on Tuesday night at Japan's Olympic Stadium.

8月24日晚，东京残奥会在日本奥林匹克体育场开幕。

Team China sent 251 Paralympians－132 women and 119 men.China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is sending 24 athletes, and Chinese Taipei is sending 38.

中国队派出了251名运动员（包括男运动员119人、女运动员132人）。中国香港代表团派出了24名运动员，中国台北代表团派出38名运动员。

残奥会的英文是“Paralympic Games”，但paralympics这个词原意是脊髓病患者举行的运动会。

1948年7月29日，因二战终止的奥运会在伦敦恢复举办，同日在英国中南部的一家医院里，也举办了一场运动会，参赛的是16名脊髓受伤的二战老兵。

当所有人都认为他们只能躺在床上时，举办这场运动会的神经学教授、“残奥会之父”路德维希·古特曼（Ludwig Guttmann）却坚持将体育运动引入残疾治疗，这便是现代残疾人体育运动的雏形。

On 29 July 1948, the day of the Opening Ceremony of the London 1948 Olympic Games, Dr. Guttmann organized the first competition for wheelchair athletes, a milestone in Paralympic history. They involved 16 injured servicemen and women who took part in archery.

1960年，来自23个国家的400多名运动员在罗马举行了第一届残奥会，之后残奥会每隔四年举办一届，和奥运会同年举行。

It later became the Paralympic Games which first took place in Rome, Italy, in 1960 featuring 400 athletes from 23 countries. Since then they have taken place every four years.

中国代表队入场

自2004年雅典残奥会以来，中国代表团在每届残奥会上都占据金牌榜榜首位置。雅典残奥会中国队摘得63金、北京残奥会89金、伦敦残奥会95金、里约残奥会107金，中国代表团在残奥会上的表现是当之无愧的王者！

China have been the country with most gold medals at each Paralympic Games since Athens 2004. They won 63 in the Greek capital city, followed by 89 at Beijing 2008, 95 at London 2012 and 107 at Rio 2016.

残奥运动项目中，只有硬地滚球和盲人门球两项没有相对应的奥运项目。

Boccia and goalball are the two only sports in the Paralympic programme that do not have an Olympic counterpart.

东京残奥会共设视力残疾、肢体残疾和智力残疾三个残疾类别，射箭、田径、羽毛球、硬地滚球、皮划艇、自行车、马术、五人制盲人足球、盲人门球、柔道、举重、赛艇、射击、游泳、乒乓球、跆拳道、铁人三项、坐式排球、轮椅篮球、轮椅击剑、轮椅橄榄球、轮椅网球等22个大项，539个小项。

羽毛球和跆拳道将首次作为残奥项目出现在东京赛场。

Badminton and taekwondo will make their Paralympic debuts at Tokyo 2020.

为保证比赛的公平性，赛前会对参赛选手的残疾情况和运动能力进行评估，并根据具体项目的要求将残疾程度或运动能力相近的选手分在一组进行比赛，这一过程称为“分级”。

一个项目会分出多个竞赛组别，这就是为什么残奥会上一个项目会产生多枚金牌！

Classification determines which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how athletes are grouped together for competition. In Para sports, athletes are grouped by the degree of activity limitation resulting from the impairment.

以田径项目为例，项目分级由前缀字母T或F+数字的形式组成，前缀T代表“径赛”（Track）和跳跃项目，F代表“田赛”（Field）。径赛运动级别以英文字母T加一个双位数字表示，十位数值代表残疾类型（impairment types），个位数值代表残疾程度，数值越低表示残疾情况越严重。

Athletes are assessed and then placed into competition categories, called sport classes, according to how much their impairment affects sports performance. The numerical figure in Para athletics classification represents the level of impairment; the lower the number within each impairment type, the more severe the impairment.

在田径项目中，盲人运动员会由引跑员用弹性绳带引领着在跑道上飞驰，引跑员就是他们的眼睛，为他们保驾护航。

Track events involve athletes with a wide range of impairments, including physical, intellectual, or vision impairment. In the sports class for vision impairments, athletes are allowed to compete with their guide-runners. The teamwork between the athletes and their guides is an important element of the race.

在乒乓球项目中，运动员可以将球放在肘部或球拍上抛球，也可以将球拍含在嘴里。

在游泳项目中，选手通常从跳台入水，无法起跳入水的运动员可以提前入水准备。仰泳等从水中出发的比赛，运动员在预备阶段应握住握手器，身体不便的运动员可以借助皮带、用嘴叼住绳子或毛巾等辅助手段。每位视障运动员会配有一位助手，在靠近转向点或终点时用提示棒敲打运动员的头部或身体进行提醒。

Swimmers can use different starting methods according to their impairment. Athletes with vision impairment may locate themselves in the pool by touching the lane rope with their body. For these athletes, a person known as a "tapper" may tap them to let them know that they are approaching the turn(s) or finish of the race.

匈牙利运动员帕尔·塞克斯是至今为止唯一一名包揽了奥运和残奥奖牌的选手。他曾在1988年汉城（现首尔）奥运会获得击剑铜牌，1991年遭遇车祸之后，他转而成为一名残奥选手，并在1992年巴塞罗那残奥会获得轮椅击剑金牌。

Hungarian Pal Szekeres became the first and so far only athletes to win Olympic and Paralympic medals after taking wheelchair fencing gold at Barcelona 1992. He had won bronze at the Seoul 1988 Olympics as a professional fencer before suffering a bus accident in 1991.

霍金曾在伦敦残奥会的致辞中说到：“残奥会意在改变我们对世界的观念，我们都与众不同，世界上本没有标准或普通人，但我们拥有同样的人类精神。”

“The Paralympic Games are all about transforming our perception of the world. We are all different. There is no such thing as a standard or run of the mill human being. But we share the same human spirit.”

下面奉上东京残奥会22个比赛项目的英文表达，快来看看吧：

为每一位残奥健儿们喝彩加油，祝愿他们在奥运五环的见证下继续超越自我、书写传奇！

文章来源：中国日报双语新闻